Kule ncwajana sizoxoxa ngalokhu:
- I-Rhinosinusitis
- I-Allergic rhinitis
- I-Sinusitis
i-Rhinosinusitis
Igama elithi “Rhino” yigama lesilathini elisho ukuthi ikhala.
Igama elithi “sinus” lichaza imbobo engaphakathi kwethambo. Kule ncwajana, i-sinus noma ama-sinus abhekisela ezimbotsheni zethambo lekhala. La ma-sinus akhiqiza amafinyila bese iwathumela ekhaleni nasemqaleni.
Amagama asekugcineni athi “itis” achaza indawo okuvuvukele kuyo.
Uma sisebenzisa incazelo yethu engenhla, siyabona ukuthi igama elithi rhinosinusitis lingaqondwa ngale ndlela “rhino” = ikhala, “sinus” = izibombo ethanjeni elizungeze ikhala kanye nesiphetho esithi “itis” esichaza ukuvuvukala. I-Rhinosinusitis iyisimo esivamile sekhala esihambisana nokuvuvukala kolwelwesi olungaphandle lwengaphakathi lwekhala kanye nokuvuvukala kwama-sinus eduze komgodi wekhala.
Izimpawu:
I-Rhinosinusitis ibonakala ngalezi zimpawu:
- Ukucinana kwamakhala okubangelwa ukuvimbeka nokuminyana
- Ukuphuma kwamafinyela emakhaleni
- Ukukhwehlela ezinganeni
- Izinhlungu ebusweni lapho bucindezelwa
- Ukuncipha noma ukulahlekelwa ukuhogela
izintlobo ze rhinosinusitis
Uma izimpawu zihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinsuku ezingu-10 noma ngaphansi kwamaviki angu-12 (izinyanga ezingu-3), lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-acute rhinosinusitis. I-Acute rhinosinusitis ingahlukaniswa ibe nezimbangela ezimbili:
- Umkhuhlane ovamile/acute rhinosinusitis
I-Acute rhinosinusitis ibangelwa ngokuyinhloko yizifo eziwubhubhane ezinjenge-rhinovirus ne-influenza virus. Lokhu kubangela ukuvuvukala ezindaweni zekhala ezichaziwe okubangela izimpawu.
Izimpawu zihlala izinsuku ezingaphansi kwezingu-10. I-Acute rhinosinusitis iyazikhawulela ngokwayo, okusho ukuthi izilawula ngokwayo ngaphandle kokwelapha. Kubalulekile ukushaya amakhala akho ukuze unciphise ukungena koketshezi olunesifo kuma-sinus akho.
2. I-Acute post-viral rhinosinusitis (eyaziwa nangokuthi yi-subacute rhinosinusitis)
Lokhu kwenzeka lapho izimpawu zihlala izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezingu-10 kodwa ngaphansi kwamaviki angu-12. Nayo ibhekwa njengezikhawulelayo.
Ukulawula
Njengoba i-acute rhinosinusitis izikhawulela, ukulawulwa kuhloselwe ukulawula izimpawu ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuphila phakathi nokuphila. Kuye ngezimpawu, ukuba bucayi kwezimpawu kanye nomhlinzeki wakho wezokwelapha, ukulawula kungase kuhlanganise:
- Imithi yezinhlungu kanye nemfiva njenge-paracetamol (isib., Ponado)
- Ukudambisa izimpawu nge-saline irrigation
- Ukuqeda ukucinana kwekhala
- Ukuhogela umusi
I-Acute bacterial rhinosinusitis
I-Acute bacterial rhinosinusitis ngokuvamile ibangelwa yibhaktheriya, enjenge-Streptococcus pneumoniaekanye ne-Haemophilus influenzae. I-Bacterial rhinosinusitis ihlale iyisifo esilandela i-rhinosinusitis ebangelwa yi-viral rhinosinusitis. Izimpawu zivame ukuvela ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-7 zesifo se-rhinosinusitis futhi isifo sebhaktheriya sibonakala ngalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:
- Amafinyila anombala ‘ophuzi noma oluhlaza’
- Izinhlungu ezinamandla ohlangothini olulodwa lobuso
- Umkhuhlane
- Izimpawu ezivela ngemva kweviki kuqale izimpawu zokuqala
Ukwelashwa
Ukwelashwa kuhlanganisa okwe-acute viral rhinosinusitis ukwenezela kuma-antibiocs owanikezwe umhlinzeki wezokwelapha.
Sicela uphawule, ama-antibiotics asetshenziselwa kuphela izifo zebhaktheriya ezisolwayo njengoba kuboniswe ubufakazi bezimpawu ezivezwe ngenhla.
I-allergic rhinitis/hay fever
I-allergic rhinitis ibangelwa ukusabela ezintweni ezihamba emoyeni ezingazwani nomzimba ezihogelwa ngekhala. Izinto ezivamile ezingathandwa umzimba zihlanganisa lokhu:
- Impova
- Uthuzi
- Izilwane ezithile
Ukusabela ngendlela embi kulezi zinto ezingathandwa umzimba kubangelwa izakhi zofuzo. Ungafunda okwengeziwe ngendlela ukusabela kokuvuvukala okwenzeka ngayo entweni engathandwa umzimba encwajaneni yethu yesifuba somoya.
Izimpawu
- Ukuthimula
- Ukuluma
- Ukucinana kwekhala
- I-Conjunctivitis (‘iso elibomvu’)
- Ukukhala
- Ukuvuvukala
- Ukwanda kwengcindezi endlebeni
- Ukuphuma kwamafinyela emakhaleni
Ezinye izimpawu zihlanganisa ukukhathala nokozela.
Izinkinga
- Inkinga yendlebe ngaphakathi okuholela ekuphumeni koketshezi noma ekuncipheni kokuzwa
- I-acute kanye ne-chronic sinusitis
Ukwelashwa
Ukwelashwa kuhilela izigaba ezinkulu
- Ukugwema kanye nokuvimbela ukuchayeka ezintweni ezingathandwa umzimba
- I-antihistamines ukuze ugweme noma unciphise ukuvuvukala ngemva kokuchayeka kanye nokulawula izimpawu
- Ukuqeda ukucinana kwekhala
I-chronic rhinosinusitis/ sinusitis
I-chronic sinusitis isho ukuvuvukala okuvela kuma-sinus amaviki angu-12 noma ngaphezulu. Ngokuvamile yandulelwa yi-allergic rhinitis.
Izimpawu
- Ukuvimbeka kwamakhala
- Ukuphuma kwamafinyela emakhaleni
- Ukuncipha kokuhogela iphunga
- Ukukhwehlela
- I-Postnasal drip (amafinyela ehla ngemuva kwekhala ehlele emphinjeni)
Ukulawula
Ukwelapha kuhlanganisa ukwelashwa nge-intranasal corticosteroids (inciphisa ukuvuvukala) kanye nama-antibiotics ukuze kufinyelelwe esimweni lapho izimpawu zingasahluphi. I-chronic sinusitis ingelashwa ngokuhlinzwa uma izimpawu zingaphucuki lapho kusetshenziswa imithi.
