Kuyini ukukhathazeka futhi kunini lapho kuba yisifo khona?
Ukukhathazeka ukusabela okwenzeka lapho silindele into elimazayo noma usongo. Kuyinto ezuzisayo, njengalapho ulungiselela ukukhuluma phambi kweningi. Ukukhathazeka kuba yisifo lapho kuhambisana novalo olwedlulele okuholela ekutheni umuntu angakwazi ukusebenza kahle.
Kukhona izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezifo zokukhathazeka futhi le ncwajana izoxoxa kafushane ngezifo ezivame kakhulu:
Isifo sokuba novalo
Isifo sokuba nokuba novalo sihlonzwa lapho umuntu eba nezehlakalo eziphandaphindiwe zokushaywa uvalo. Lezi zehlakalo zivela kungazelelwe futhi azilindelekile.
Izehlakalo zokushaywa uvalo zibe sezilandelwa inyanga eyodwa yokukhathazeka okuphikelelayo ngezehlakalo ezilandelayo okuholela ekuhoxeni nasekugwemeni izimo ezithile.
Izimpawu zesehlakalo sokushaywa uvalo:
- Ukuphelelwa umoya
- Izinhlungu esifubeni noma ukuphatheka kabi
- Ukushaya ngamandla kwenhliziyo
- Ukuklinyeka nokugwinya kanzima
- Izinhlungu esiswini
- Ukuqhaqhazela
- Ukujuluka
- Ukuba ndikindiki
- Isiyezi
- Ukushiselwa noma ukugodola
- Ukwesaba kakhulu
i-Agoraphobia
Uvalo olwandayo lokufikelwa esinye isehlakalo okubangela ukuba uzihlukanise noma ugweme ukwenza imisebenzi evamile. Lolu valo lubangelwa ukucabanga ukuthi le misebenzi ingase ibangele isehlakalo sokushaywa uvalo. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-agoraphobia, ukwesaba okukhulu ukufikelwa isehlakalo sokushaywa uvalo endaweni yomphakathi lapho kungaba nzima khona ukubaleka okubangela ukuphoxeka nokuhlambalazeka, njengakulezi zindawo:
- Izithuthi zomphakathi
- Izindawo ezivulekile (isib., izindawo zokupaka izimoto)
- Izindaawo ezivalekile (isib., izitolo noma amasinema)
- Ukuma emgqeni noma ukuma buqamama
- Ukuba wedwa ngaphandle kwendlu
Lokhu kube sekubangela ukulinganiselwa kwemisebenzi yomuntu njengoba engasakwazi ukuya noma kuphi yedwa ngaphandle kokushaywa uvalo.
Isifo sokukhathazeka lapho usemphakathini noma ukwesaba ngokweqile ukuba phakathi kwabantu
I-phobia ingumuzwa onamandla nongenancazelo wokwesaba into ethile. Ama-phobia ayizinkinga zengqondo ezivamile.
Ukukhathazeka lapho usemphakathini kuwukwesaba kakhulu ukuphoxeka noma ukuhlambalazeka ezindaweni zomphakathi. Lokhu kwesaba ukuxhumana nabanye njengokuxoxa babo, noma ukuhlangana nabantu, kungabangela ukuhlaselwa isehlakalo sokushaywa uvalo lapho khona umuntu eqala ukuba namahloni noma ukuqhaqhazela. Ezinganeni, ukukhathazeka kungabonakala ngokukhala, ukuba neconsi kanye nokugodola.
Abantu abanesifo sokukhathazeka lapho besemphakathini bayazigwema izindawo zomphakathi ngenxa yokwesaba ukuhlazeka.
i-Social anxiety disorder
i-social anxiety kuwukwesaba okukhulu ukuphoxeka, ukuhlazeka noma ukwahlulela ezimeni zomphakathi. Lokhu kungafaka ukusebenzelana komphakathi okufana nokuba nengxoxo noma ukudlala phambi kwabanye noma ngisho nalapho uzwa sengathi uyabonwa njengalapho udla noma uphuza. Lokhu kwesaba kungase kubangele ukwesaba lapho umuntu eqala ukuba namahloni noma aqhaqhazele. Ezinganeni, ukukhathazeka kungabonakaliswa ngokukhala, ukucasuka kanye nokubanda.
Abantu abanenkinga yokukhathazeka komphakathi bese begwema izilungiselelo zomphakathi ngenxa yalokhu kwesaba okukhulu ukuthotshiswa.
Isifo esivamile sokukhathazeka
Isifo esivamile sokukhathazeka siwukukhathazeka ngokweqile izinsuku eziningi evikini okungenani izinyanga eziyisithupha. Umuntu onesifo esivamile sokukhathazeka ukhathazeka ngokweqile nganoma yimuphi umsebenzi anomuzwa wokuthi uzobangela isehlakalo sokushaywa uvalo. Ukukhathazeka kungabangela:
- Ukungakhululeki noma ukuhlala umincile
- Ukukhathala kalula
- Izinkinga zokugxilisa ingqondo
- Ukucasuka kalula
- Amamasela angakhululekile
- Izinkinga zokulala
i-Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
I-PTSD ingabangelwa ukuchayeka ekufeni, ekulimaleni noma odlameni ngalezi zindlela:
- Ukusibona ngokuqondile leso sehlakalo
- Ukubona isehlakalo senzeka kwabanye abantu
- Ukuzwa ngesehlakalo esihlukumezayo esenzeke kumngane wakho oseduze
- Ukuchayeka ngokuphindaphindiwe emininingwaneni yesehlakalo esihlukumezayo
Inkumbulo namaphupho alezi zehlakalo kungabangela izimpawu zesifo sokucindezeleka, ukusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa kanye nokushaywa uvalo.
Ukuphathwa Kwezinkinga Zokukhathazeka
Izifo ezihlukahlukene zokukhathazeka zilawulwa ngezindlela ezingafani. Izinhlobo ezimbili eziphumelela kakhulu yi-cognitive behavioral therapy kanye nemithi.
i-Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)
I-CBT isiza umuntu onezifo zokukhathazeka abhekane nezinto azesabayo nezimkhathazayo kusetshenziswa amasu athile ukuze umuntu onesifo sokukhathazeka akwazi kangcono ukubhekana nesimo esibangela ukukhathazeka futhi abe nesibindi sokubhekana nazo.
Ukwelashwa ngemithi
- Ama-antidepressants, isibonelo, i-fluoxetine, i-citalopram: anciphisa ukukhathazeka futhi enze umuntu azizwe engcono.
- Ama-benzodiazepines, isibonelo, i-diazepam (valium), i-lorazepam. Ama-benzodiazepines anciphisa ukukhathazeka nokucindezeleka ngokuthi akwenze uzole.
- Imithi ebizwa ngokuthi ama-beta blockers nayo ingasetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ukwethuka, ukujuluka, ukushaywa uvalo kanye nokuqhaqhazela.