Yintoni ixhala kwaye iba sisigulo nini?
Ukuxhalaba yimpendulo eqhelekileyo eyenzekayo ngokulindela ingozi okanye isongelo. Ixhala liba sisiphazamiso xa linxulunyaniswa noloyiko olugqithisileyo kunye nonxunguphalo olukhokelela ekubeni umntu angakwazi ukusebenza kakuhle.
Kukho iziphazamiso ezahlukeneyo zokuxhalaba kwaye le ncwadana iya kugubungela ngokufutshane ezona ngxaki zixhaphakileyo. Zezi:
- I-Panic Disorder
- I-Agoraphobia
- I-Social Anxiety Disorder
- Ingxaki Yokuxhalaba ngokubanzi, i-Generalised Anxiety Disorder
- I-Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Ekupheleni kwale ncwadana siza kujongana nolawulo olusisiseko kwezi ngxaki.
Ingxaki yokuphakuzela i-panic disorder
I-panic disorder ifunyaniswa xa umntu ebonwa ukuba uhlaselwa luvalo (une-panic attacks) ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Olu hlaselo loloyiko lwenzeka ngesiquphe kwaye aluqikeleleki.
Ukuhlaselwa kwe-panic emva koko kulandelwa yinyanga okanye ngaphezulu kwenkxalabo eqhubekayo malunga nokuhlaselwa okongeziweyo okubangelwa ukurhoxiswa kunye nokuphepha kwiimeko ezithile.
Iimpawu ze-panic attacks
- Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
- Intlungu yesifuba okanye ukungakhululeki
- Ukubetha kwentliziyo
- Ukuminxa kunye nobunzima bokuginya
- Ukukhathazeka kwesisu
- Ukungcangcazela
- Ukubila
- Ubundisholo
- Isiyezi
- Ukugquma okanye ukugodola
- Uloyiko olukhulu
I-Agoraphobia
I-phobia luloyiko olunzulu nolungenangqiqo lwento ethile. I-Phobias zizifo zengqondo eziqhelekileyo.
I-Agoraphobia luloyiko lokuba kwindawo ethile yoluntu okanye imeko inokubenza baxhalabe, babe neentloni, okanye bathotywe. Umntu one-agoraphobia uhlala eziva ngathi ezi ndawo okanye iimeko zinzima okanye akunakwenzeka ukubaleka. Ngenxa yoko, baya kuhlala berhoxile, babe bodwa kwaye bayeke ukwenza imisebenzi yesiqhelo. Ezo ndawo zikawonke-wonke ziquka:
- Izithuthi zikawonke wonke
- Iindawo ezivulekileyo (umz. iindawo zokupaka)
- Iindawo ezivaliweyo (umz. iivenkile okanye iicinema)
- Ukuma emgceni okanye ngoonomyayi
- Ukuba ngaphandle kwendlu yedwa
Oku ke kukhokelela ekucuthekeni komsebenzi womntu njengoko engenakho ukuba naphi na eyedwa ngaphandle koloyiko.
Ingxaki yokuxhalaba kwezentlalo okanye i-social phobia
Ixhala loluntu luloyiko olunzulu lokuhlazeka, ukuthotywa okanye ukugweba kwiimeko zentlalo. Oku kunokubandakanya unxibelelwano lwentlalo olufana nokuba nencoko okanye ukudlala phambi kwabanye okanye naxa uziva ngathi ujongwe njengaxa usitya okanye usela. Olu loyiko lunokubangela uloyiko apho umntu aqalisa ukuba neentloni okanye angcangcazele. Ebantwaneni, ukuxhalaba kunokubonakaliswa ngokukhala, ukucaphuka kunye neqhwa.
Abantu abanengxaki yokuxhalaba kwezentlalo baphepha iindawo zokuhlala kolu loyiko lukhulu lokuthotywa.
Ingxaki yokuxhalaba ngokubanzi
Ingxaki yokuxhalaba ngokubanzi kukukhathazeka okugqithisileyo kunye nokuxhalaba kwiintsuku ezininzi zeveki iinyanga ezintandathu. Umntu onengxaki yokuxhalaba ngokubanzi uzikhathaza ngokugqithisileyo ngawo nawuphi na umsebenzi abawuxhalabileyo unokubangela ukuhlaselwa luloyiko. Ixhala kunye nokukhathazeka kunokubangela:
- Ukungazinzi okanye ukuba sengozini
- Ukudinwa msinya
- Iingxaki zokugxila
- Ukuba nomsindo
- Izihlunu ezixineneyo
- Iingxaki zokulala
Uxinzelelo lwasemva koxinzelelo (PTSD)
I-PTSD ingenzeka emva kokuba umntu evezwe ekufeni, ukwenzakala okanye ubundlobongela:
- Ukufumana ngokuthe ngqo umcimbi
- Ukungqina isiganeko njengoko sisenzeka kwabanye
- Ukufunda ngesiganeko esibuhlungu esenzeka kumhlobo osenyongweni
- Ukuboniswa okuphindaphindiweyo kwiinkcukacha zesiganeko esibuhlungu
Inkumbulo kunye namaphupha ezi ziganeko anokubangela iimpawu zokudakumba, ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi kunye nokuhlaselwa koloyiko.
Ulawulo lweZiphazamiso zokuxhalaba
Iziphazamiso ezahlukeneyo zokuxhalaba zinolawulo olwahlukileyo. Ezona ndlela zimbini zisebenzayo luhlobo lonyango olubizwa ngokuba lunyango lokuziphatha kwengqondo kunye namayeza.
Unyango lokuziphatha kwengqondo, i-Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)
I-CBT inceda umntu onengxaki yokukhathazeka ukuba ajongane noloyiko kunye namaxhala abo. Isebenzisa iindlela ezisebenzayo ezifundiswayo ukuze umntu oxhalabileyo abe nobuchule obungcono bokumelana neemeko ezibangela ukuxhalaba kunye nokuphuhlisa ukuzithemba ukujamelana nazo.
Unyango lwezonyango
- Amayeza okudakumba, umz. i-fluoxetine, i-citalopram: umsebenzi wokunciphisa ixhala kunye nokuphucula isimo sengqondo.
- Benzodiazepines, umz. diazepam (valium), lorazepam. Benzodiazepines ukunciphisa ixhala kunye noxinzelelo ngokuzola wena.
- Iziyobisi ezibizwa ngokuba zii-beta blockers zinokusetyenziselwa ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwemithambo-luvo, ukubila, ukuphakuzela kunye nokungcangcazela.